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                  <text>CND and Committee of 100</text>
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                  <text>The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) was founded in the late 1950s by Bertrand Russell and J.B Priestly. While the initial group was formed by establishment intellectuals, the CND rapidly morphed into a cross-class movement. After Britain exploded its first megaton hydrogen bomb on Christmas Island in 1957, anti-nuclear groups gained hundreds and thousands of new members. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a young teen, Stuart became involved in the anti-nuclear Committee of 100. A split from the ‘celebrity-and-politician dominated’ CND, the Committee of 100 mobilised against nuclear armament and militarism with direct action. This collection includes bits of ephemera and leaflets handed out on anti-nuclear demonstrations by the CND and C100. Also included in t&lt;span&gt;his collection is the original 'Spies for Peace' mimeograph which was handed out on the 1963 Aldermaston March. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Official Secret: Nuclear shelters appear on East Coast of Scotland</text>
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                <text>Bill Davidson</text>
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                <text>n/d [early 1960s]</text>
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                  <text>This collection includes pamphlets, press commentary, and police reports relating to the trials of the 'Angry Brigade' (1972) and 'Persons Unknown' (1978-79). In 1972, eight activists, drawn mainly from the milieu of the libertarian left, appeared at the Old Bailey on charges of conspiracy. According to the British police authorities, these activists belonged to the so-called 'Angry Brigade', a clandestine, armed terror group responsible for a string of bomb attacks between 1970 and 1972. Stuart stood on trial as one of the eight that were accused because of the number of explosive incidents that were focused on Spanish targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1978, the 'Persons Unknown' case put pressure on Christie yet again, as the Special Branch and the newly formed Anti-Terrorist Squad arrested five anarchists on the charge of 'conspiracy to cause explosions'. The arrests were co-ordinated by Inspector Roy Cremer, one of the lead detectives on the Angry Brigade case. Cremer's attention focused on Ronan Benett, an Irish anarchist, who had recently left Long Kesh prison in the North of Ireland (following a successful appeal for the murder of a Belfast policeman). Arriving in England shortly after his release, Bennett made contact with the Anarchist Black Cross, having become interested in anarchism during his time in prison.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The evidence with which the five anarchists were charged was spurious, to say the least. After eighteen months of imprisonment (on remand), the jury decided to acquit all the defendants. For a concise look at the Persons Unknown trial, see &lt;a href="https://christiebooks.co.uk/2015/03/the-persons-unknown-case-order-in-the-court-stuart-christie-city-limits-january-1980/"&gt;Stuart Christie's 1980 report in City Limits.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>https://archive.leftove.rs/documents/WVE/info</text>
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                  <text>Photographs of Stuart's friends, comrades, and acquaintances over the years.</text>
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                <text>Walter Morrison, Glasgow 'Eskimo', community activist and former soldier who rejected war. Born 20 March 1924, died 6 February 6 2004&#13;
&#13;
The milieu in which the anti-nuclear Scottish Committee of 100 flourished no longer exists, its activists having long since adopted other agendas. However, its brief flowering will always be associated with the dynamic figure of Walter Morrison, who seemingly at birth had signed up for life as a private extraordinaire in the Awkward Squad.&#13;
&#13;
Morrison, who died in his eightieth year, fought courageously against the wrongs in society, proudly wore the badges of non-violence and libertarian socialism, and spoke his mind fearlessly no matter where he was or in whose company.&#13;
&#13;
Angered by the Clydebank blitz in 1940, the 16-year-old Morrison lied about his age and joined the army. He wanted to fight fascism, but in less than a week, he found little difference between this enemy and the bullying attitudes and practices within the British army. From then on Morrison’s war was fought on two fronts. Considered a difficult case, he was shunted from the Royal Scots Guards to the Black Watch, then on to the Parachute Regiment. During a visit by King George VI, the king politely asked him how he was being treated, to which the good soldier Morrison replied: ‘Terrible.’ He was sent to India on the first available troop ship.&#13;
&#13;
Morrison’s pacifism grew from his army experiences in India. During the Gandhi demonstrations in 1942, the troops were briefed that they would be facing women and children protestors. The 18-year-old asked what they would be expected to do if they refused to halt. ‘Open fire,’ was the curt answer. Walter promptly stood up and said he would be the first to open fire: he would personally shoot any soldier who turned their gun on a woman or a child, and he would then shoot the officer who gave the order. His feet scarcely touched the ground on the way to the glasshouse.&#13;
&#13;
Morrison was placed in solitary confinement and singled out for sadistic treatment. He told his superiors that unless the NCO responsible backed off, he would kill the next man who entered his cell. Morrison won the case but was wracked with guilt over the moral quandary that he would have had to kill the first person — friend or enemy — who entered his cell. It was that incident which started him on his lifelong commitment to non-violence.&#13;
&#13;
Although charged on a number of occasions with incitement to mutiny, he never faced a full court-martial; his sentences were always confinement to barracks, 30-days loss of pay or downgradement. He ended his army career and returned to Glasgow in 1946, without a war pension. (Walter’s army experiences are told in Peter Grafton’s book, ‘You, you and you — The people out of step with WWII) Pluto, 1981.)&#13;
&#13;
The arrival of the US Polaris submarine fleet in the Holy Loch in 1960 turned Glasgow into ground zero for any Soviet pre-emptive nuclear missile strike. Morrison was involved from the start in the campaign to stop US Polaris missiles being based in the Holy Loch. He became a leading light of the Scottish Committee of 100 and was in the thick of all the demonstrations from the day the submarines arrived. A man of deeds as well as words, Morrison was drawn to the more libertarian and action-oriented Scottish Committee of 100, rather than the passive, celebrity-and-politician-dominated CND. The personal example Morrison set to others, coupled with his fame as a rebel, gave him considerable status among the young militants on the committee. My memories are of him standing single-handedly in Glasgow streets and at demonstrations around Scotland, surrounded by menacing and hostile opponents while arguing his case against the bomb. His tenacity and fortitude in going out in all weathers to demonstrate in the most hostile locations, often alone, was truly inspiring.&#13;
&#13;
Protest was a family affair around the Morrison household. Walter's wife, Agnes Lygate, whom he married in 1953, and neighbour in Govan, Eleanor Hinds, wife of writer Archie Hinds, both early feminists, were founders of Women Against the Bomb and Youth against the Bomb. Betty Campbell, his later partner was, his constant support in the Corkerhill Community Council to which Morrison dedicated his life from 1976 to 2002.&#13;
&#13;
On one occasion Morrison was setting up his tent on the foreshore of the Holy Loch, near Ardnadam pier which serviced the Polaris submarines and their support ships — it being illegal to camp on the land — when he was called over by someone waving to him from a large American car by the roadside. In the rear of the car were three men who addressed him by name, two from the Ministry of Defence’s ‘Psychological Warfare Group’ in Dundee and the third an American of uncertain military or security provenance. They proceeded to warn Walter and his friends that they were out to get the so-called Scots Against War, a group who at the time were involved in publishing official secrets plus carrying out sabotage and other forms of direct action against military installations throughout Scotland. One of the MoD men pointed to the dark waters of the loch and told Walter that he was involved in a dangerous business and that it would be so easy for people like him to disappear, never to be found. Walter was a hard man, but this personal threat was something quite new and alarming to him.&#13;
&#13;
A week after I was arrested in Spain in 1964, having been caught playing a part in a plot to assassinate the country’s dictator, General Franco, Morrison hitched-hiked from Glasgow to London to hold a fast and a picket the Spanish embassy — having first telephoned Scotland Yard to ask permission. No sooner had he settled down on the pavement when a police van drew up and four policemen jumped out, bundled him into the van and drove to an unidentified London police station. Instead of being charged and taken to the police cells, he was escorted to what seemed like a large gym hall where three men sat at a table, one in police uniform and the other two in civvies. Morrison was then aggressively questioned about his relationship with me, about the Committee of 100 and again about the Scots Against War group, who had recently set fire to Ardnadam pier in the Holy Loch. Walter was an old hand at being arrested and locked up, but the sinister and surreal events of that night shook him up so badly that he resigned for a time from the Scottish Committee of 100.&#13;
&#13;
After the Committee of 100 petered out a few years later, Morrison and Betty Campbell became pivotal figures in the Corkerhill Community Council, campaigning for improved housing, safer roads, play parks and improved people integration. Walter and his team brought international recognition to Corkerhill, a tiny housing scheme on the south side of Glasgow with just 1,300 tenants. When it received a World Health Organisation award, the only community in the UK to qualify. When the award-winning community centre was closed after a long-running dispute with Glasgow City Council, Walter refused to bow out quietly, defiantly holding a flag-lowering ceremony as a final protest. On the last day, a large crowd turned out to see the flag of the WHO solemnly lowered over the centre. When the M77 carved through the south side of Glasgow, it was Corkerhill, led by Walter Morrison, who led the way organising resistance and winning major concessions.&#13;
&#13;
Corkerhill was also the very first community in Glasgow to house the Vietnamese Boat People.&#13;
&#13;
In 1998 when Morrison was at Buckingham Palace being awarded an MBE for his services to the Corkerhill community, the Queen’s corgis had been running around the room unchecked and generally intimidating everyone. He said to HM: ‘You know, Ma’am, if those dugs ran around like that in Corkerhill where I come from, I’d shoot the lot of them.’ With a twinkle in his eye, of course.&#13;
&#13;
He is survived by his partner Betty Campbell, his daughter Leigh and his son Grant.&#13;
&#13;
Walter Morrison MBE, community activist, born March 20, 1924; died February 6, 2004" &#13;
&#13;
Stuart Christie, 2011</text>
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&#13;
This collection includes letters written by Stuart from the Spanish prison of Alcalá de Henares in 1967 and received by his friend, Ross Flett. Stuart was transferred from Carabanchel prison to Alcalá following an aborted escape plan with his co-conspirator, cellmate and CNT member Luís Andrés Edo. These letters include references to his campaign for release, letter smuggling, the First of May Group and the machine gunning of Grosvenor Square.&#13;
&#13;
Persons mentioned: Luís Andrés Edo, Juan Busquets, Alain Pecunia,&#13;
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Groups and publications: Syndicalist Workers' Federation, Freedom, Anarchy, the International Times.</text>
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                <text>Stuart Christie (2011): 'Time Out Offices (Kings Cross). Acquitted after the then longest 'criminal' trial of the twentieth century (109 days), the so-called 'Angry Brigade' trial. In the picture are left to right at the table: Kate McLean, Angela Weir, SC, and Brenda Earl; standing, l/r is an Evening Standard journalist (forgotten his name), Chris Broad (owner of 29 Grosvenor Avenue, a Women's Liberation/ agitprop house which the police claimed was the hub of the 'conspiracy'), beside him the wonderful Ben Birnberg, my solicitor, and Jeni Styring, his articled clerk. Those who weren't so lucky — John Barker, Hilary Creek, Jim Greenfield and &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Mendelssohn"&gt;Anna Mendlessohn&lt;/a&gt; (now sadly deceased) were each sentenced to 10 years. In an earlier trial Ian Purdie was acquitted and Jake Prescott (now also deceased) was sentenced to 15 years (reduced to ten after our trial) That same evening, Bond and his bespectacled acolyte Habershon held a forty-minute press conference at Scotland Yard. One observer aptly described it as ‘the police equivalent of standing on the corpse’ — a public relations operation to justify all their illegal and questionable actions prior to the trial and to seek a public ‘mandate’ for the stepping up of their onslaught on civil liberties. Tony Smythe, General Secretary of the National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL), described their aim as an attempt ‘to exploit the aftermath of the trial in a way likely to encourage unnecessary public alarm.’ Crime reporters from the national press were welcomed as long-lost friends. The affection with which DS Habershon greeted Daily Mirror crime hack Tom Tullet was cringe-making. ‘Good to see you, Tom,’ said Habershon, vigorously pumping his hand and smiling. No thoughtful, in-depth pieces from the Daily Mirror then. Bond and Habershon named two more people they wanted to interview in connection with Angry Brigade bombings while we were inside: Gerry Osner and Sarah Poulikakou, both of whom were living abroad at the time. In spite of the jury’s verdicts, Habershon and Bond remained adamant that everyone who had stood in the dock was guilty. As evil Sheriff Little Bill Daggett in Clint Eastwood’s classic western, Unforgiven, says of another of his many innocent victims — ‘Innocent of what?’ In reply to a protest by one of the journalists, Bond said: ‘How do we know that the eight did not do it?’ He made various unflattering comments about the eight of us as a whole, and a pointed reference about me in particular: ‘The evidence presented during the trial showed quite clearly the defendant’s international links. The explosives came from France and Christie had contacts there and in Spain ... Christie has admitted being an anarchist.’ Someone interjected: ‘But that is not the same as being a member of the Angry Brigade.’ Bond answered, ‘What’s the difference?’ As far as he was concerned, all the eight people charged were militant members of the Angry Brigade, including me. And in a way he was right. The construction the judge had put on conspiracy meant that everyone was guilty. A.T. Sandrock, a Daily Telegraph crime correspondent immediately suggested the remark should be off the record. ‘I am sure we can’t quote you on that, Ernie!’ Bond took the hint and agreed. But for the rest of his life Bond continued to make similar comments and harboured a deep resentment towards us. Interviewed in 2002 by Martin Bright of The Observer he recalled: ‘They were a cunning lot, the Angry Brigade, well wrapped up in that anarchist movement. They were belligerent and very “anti” and there was no sense that they were sorry for what they had done. Right from the start there were allegations that we’d planted this and planted that. It was the most disgraceful trial I’ve ever seen in my experience.’ Methinks Ernie protested too much! There was no victory for either side, and no defeat either. The only victory was for the jury system itself. The jury had carried the day by showing that trials are about justice as well as law. By rejecting much of the prosecution case the jury had shown that the conduct of Bond and Habershon’s officers had left something to be desired. The judges and the politico-legal establishment were appalled at just how close all of us in the dock had come to being acquitted — in their view, in defiance of the law and in blatant disregard of the evidence. That would have been disastrous. The jury — as John Barker described it, ‘the critically intelligent citizenry in action’ — had responded positively by acquitting half of us, and asking for clemency for the remaining four. Our trial also put getting rid of juries altogether firmly on the state’s agenda The Lord Chancellor, Lord Hailsham, ordered an immediate post-trial inquiry — which took place between 14 December 1972 and 17 January 1973 — to ‘learn the lessons of the case and to prevent a similar outcome arising in future,’ particularly with regard to jury selection (Public Records Office PREM15/1735). It was another governmental nail in the coffin of the jury system. Never again would defendants be allowed to choose a jury of their peers. Also thereafter, most major trials of a political nature were held outside London, in places such as the commuter belt of Winchester, where the Crown could be reasonably certain of a comfortably middle-class jury list to ensure the conviction of the enemies of the state. Winchester Crown Court happens to be the only Crown Court in England where the majority of the population is employed by the Ministry of Defence. The most famous example being the 1973 trial of the Winchester Eight — Dolours and Marian Price, Gerry Kelly, Hugh Feeney and four others. The eight IRA members were sentenced to life imprisonment, plus twenty years, for the Old Bailey and Great Scotland Yard Police Station bombings in Whitehall in March 1973. One person died and around 200 were injured in the Old Bailey blast. The last trial in Winchester that I recall was that of three IRA members charged in 1988 with the attempted murder of Tom King, the then Minister of Defence.'</text>
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                  <text>This collection includes pamphlets, press commentary, and police reports relating to the trials of the 'Angry Brigade' (1972) and 'Persons Unknown' (1978-79). In 1972, eight activists, drawn mainly from the milieu of the libertarian left, appeared at the Old Bailey on charges of conspiracy. According to the British police authorities, these activists belonged to the so-called 'Angry Brigade', a clandestine, armed terror group responsible for a string of bomb attacks between 1970 and 1972. Stuart stood on trial as one of the eight that were accused because of the number of explosive incidents that were focused on Spanish targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1978, the 'Persons Unknown' case put pressure on Christie yet again, as the Special Branch and the newly formed Anti-Terrorist Squad arrested five anarchists on the charge of 'conspiracy to cause explosions'. The arrests were co-ordinated by Inspector Roy Cremer, one of the lead detectives on the Angry Brigade case. Cremer's attention focused on Ronan Benett, an Irish anarchist, who had recently left Long Kesh prison in the North of Ireland (following a successful appeal for the murder of a Belfast policeman). Arriving in England shortly after his release, Bennett made contact with the Anarchist Black Cross, having become interested in anarchism during his time in prison.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The evidence with which the five anarchists were charged was spurious, to say the least. After eighteen months of imprisonment (on remand), the jury decided to acquit all the defendants. For a concise look at the Persons Unknown trial, see &lt;a href="https://christiebooks.co.uk/2015/03/the-persons-unknown-case-order-in-the-court-stuart-christie-city-limits-january-1980/"&gt;Stuart Christie's 1980 report in City Limits.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"(Photo taken at one of 'Bobby's' mystery 'bus-runs'. It was that mysterious I can't remember where it was, not sure even if we knew at the time. Nor can I remember the name of the man on the left.)&#13;
&#13;
ROBERT ‘BOBBY’ LYNN from the Calton in Glasgow’s East End was an enigmatic figure whose looks belied his personality. He was a cherubic-faced, rosy-cheeked, curly-haired, small and dapper, generous and non-judgemental man with piercing and slightly hooded blue eyes.&#13;
Bobby was in his late thirties when I first met him. He had been involved in the Glasgow anarchist group throughout the 1950s and had been its backbone since the departure of older activists who had kept an anarchist presence in Glasgow in the face of massive hostility from the Labour and Communist Parties throughout the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s: resilient activists such as Frank Leach, Jimmy Raeside, Eddie Shaw, Willie McDougall, John T Caldwell, and Guy Aldred of the Strickland Press.&#13;
&#13;
Robert revelled in the street forums, which he called the University of Life. They certainly had their moments. I remember one exemplary SPGB graduate mounting the platform, drawing a ten-shilling note from his pocket and holding it dangling from his thumb and forefinger for a quarter of an hour or so while delivering a devastatingly witty attack on money. The audience of thirty or so were spellbound. There was not a single heckler, until he set fire to it.&#13;
&#13;
From what I remember, my first conversation with Bobby went something like the following; his was a line he used often in debates at the open workers’ forums in Renfrew Street and elsewhere. ‘But what about stealing?’ says I. ‘Nobody would steal’, says Robert, ‘because it would be a society of abundance. What would be the sense in stealing in such a society? Let’s take as an example man’s most precious material things. What would you say these were?’ ‘Air’, says I, ‘and water’. ‘Exactly’, says Robert, ‘and these are in abundance. Now how would you like to steal some air and some water and go around the Gallowgate trying to sell it? Now if we can create a society where everything else is in abundance and we can do that with modern technology, stealing would vanish.’ Who could argue with that?&#13;
The elegance and trickiness of Robert’s dialectic typified his approach. It was Jesuitical, but his ‘patter’ and his cheery character was the trigger that won me over to anarchism.&#13;
&#13;
Robert also explained democracy to me. The anarchist or libertarian view held democracy to be an intrinsically liberating and fulfilling humanitarian ideal. The capitalist, on the other hand, saw democracy as an end in itself. It was a political instrument controlled through the party system of government by a few powerful leaders and a number of accommodating scoundrels and fawning stooges.&#13;
&#13;
Through the device of political parties, of both left and right, the ‘popular will’ could be efficiently and legitimately converted into a means of social control over individuals and property — on the assumption it was an expression of the wishes of the majority.&#13;
&#13;
My first visit to Ross Street in the Calton (where the group met) gave me an insight into the ‘dark side’ of Glasgow, one which I had previously known nothing about.&#13;
&#13;
It was dark and raining when I got off the tramcar at Glasgow Cross and as I hurried up the empty street under the railway bridge towards the Barrows, I suddenly found myself squeezed between two sinister- looking, razor-scarred, Glasgow hard men who appeared from nowhere and pushed me towards a close mouth.&#13;
&#13;
‘Wherr ur you goin’ ’, said one. ‘Tae see a friend’, said I. ‘ ’Zat right’, said he. ‘Whaurr’s zis freen live?’ said the other. ‘Ross Street’, says I, trying not to sound fearful.&#13;
&#13;
‘Whit’s his name, then, pal?’ said the first one. ‘Robert Lynn’, said I, and with the mention of Robert’s name the mood changed as though the sun had come out from behind a dark cloud.&#13;
&#13;
The second one said, sternly: ‘A wee boy like you shouldna be walkin’ the streets o’ the Calton on yer own’ and with that they escorted me right to the door of 4 Ross Street, chatting away as if they had known me all their lives.&#13;
&#13;
The Glasgow Anarchist Group met in this derelict ground floor single-end at 4 Ross Street, off the Gallowgate, next to the Glasgow Barrows. The room doubled as a ‘shebeen’, an illegal-drinking house where people came to drink or buy cheap South African fortified wines such as Lanliq.&#13;
&#13;
The scene, when I entered the room through a dark lobby, was dramatic. The room, lit by a naked lightbulb, was bare except for a long table around which were seated the unlikeliest looking collection of people I had seen in my life. It was Callan meets G.K.Chesterton’s Man Who Was Thursday; it was Alphonse Bertillon’s private photo album. Old ‘Red Clydesiders’, William Clarke Quantrill’s Confederate Army guerrilla raiders and ‘The Hole in the Wall Gang’ had come to life in a single end in Glasgow’s Calton.&#13;
&#13;
At the head of the long table sat Robert, who made me feel immediately welcome with a smile, a wave, a brief introduction to those seated at the table, a mug of sweet brown fortified wine and a chair.&#13;
The ominous hush that had descended on the room when I made my entrance immediately lifted and the lively debate picked up where it had left off.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the men in this room were quite awesome, massively built and heavily scarred about their faces and appeared to me unusually aggressive with each other. One in particular, Scout O’Neill, had hands like a Belfast ham. If guns were to be bought in Glasgow, it would be here. In fact, Peter Manuel, the last man to be hanged in Scotland, in July 1958, was convicted because Scout had turned Queen’s Evidence when he discovered Manuel was a suspect in a series of seven murders in and around Glasgow between 1954 and 1958. Scout had sold him a gun, a Webley revolver, supposedly for a robbery he said he was planning.&#13;
&#13;
The heated and sometimes bellicose discussions were constantly disrupted by wee wifies coming in with empty jugs to buy wine. After the meetings we would usually go across the road to the Saracen’s Head, Robert’s local, one of the oldest and, at the time, one of the most notorious pubs in Glasgow.&#13;
&#13;
Robert had lived in Ross Street all his life. He and his wife Jean had a ‘single end’ (a room and a kitchen) upstairs from the shebeen.&#13;
Like his French Stirnerite companions of ‘the idea’ — such as Jules Bonnot of the Bande A Bonnot, an anarchist group of bank expropriators in 1910 (who were the first organised robbers to use motor cars), and Marius Jacob whose 40-strong anarchist group burgled their way through the stately homes of France a few years earlier — Robert’s interpretation of anarchism gave meaning and legitimacy to the often questionable activities of some Hogarthian local characters. Many of these were regular participants in the Ross Street meetings and these were the faces around the table on that first night.&#13;
There was nothing doctrinaire about these meetings; everyone spoke as they found, some of it bordering on what would be described today as ‘non-politically correct’, I thought, but all of them had the heart of the matter in them — socialism, in its truest sense. The younger, newer Glasgow anarchists, in spite of Robert Lynn’s Stirnerite sympathies, were solidly anarcho-syndicalist and we regularly sold Direct Action, the paper of the Syndicalist Workers’ Federation on the street corners of Glasgow.&#13;
&#13;
Robert’s favourite leisure pastime was organising ‘bus runs’ and he and Jean would put these on regularly for us and the couthy folk of the Calton. The ‘bus runs’ were a ‘rerr terr’ (Glaswegian for ‘top form’) and we all had a great time with our ‘cairy-oots’ and ‘sannies’.&#13;
&#13;
Occasionally we would stop at a café or restaurant for lunch and Scout O’Neill’s party trick, when the plate of steak pie, peas and potatoes arrived at the table, was to put his massive hands over the dinner plate and thus completely cover it. Scout always led the singing; in fact he acquired his sobriquet because he was constantly singing the Dave Willis song with the refrain I’m a scout, scout, scout.&#13;
&#13;
On one occasion we went on a bus run to Burntisland on the Firth of Forth, near Rosyth naval dockyard, and we had a visiting French anarchist with us, a lad of about 21 who also happened to be a deserter from the French Navy.&#13;
&#13;
The bar, in the British Legion hall, was full of ugly-looking Glasgow anarchists and Royal Navy sailors, plus some from a French naval vessel in port, but the atmosphere was friendly — until after a few ‘bevies’ a French sailor chatting to our French comrade called him a ‘coward’.&#13;
&#13;
Our man immediately threw a punch at the sailor and in a moment the place was in an uproar with chairs thrown at the bar, tables upturned and people swinging fists, glasses and bottles at each other. I felt as though I had been transported to the set of a John Wayne movie.&#13;
&#13;
The French Navy came off worse that night. I imagine they thought they’d docked in Marseilles by mistake! We made a hasty retreat to where the bus was parked, taking time to set fire to the Union Jack on the flagpole outside the bar, and all the time you could hear Scout singing ‘For I’m a scout, scout, scout….’ "&#13;
&#13;
Stuart Christie, July 2011</text>
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                <text>"Born in the Calton, in the heart of Glasgow, in 1924 Robert Lynn (about whom Matt McGinn wrote one of his wonderful songs — 'Bobby Lynn's Shebeen' — in Ross Street) was educated at St. Mungo's Academy. Leaving school at 14 years of age he took up a shipyard engineering apprenticeship in Yarrows and became actively involved in the class struggle to improve wages and conditions there - a battle that had to be fought and refought in ensuing years. During the war years he was swept up in the maelstrom of political activity in the British shipyard and engineering industries. In 1943 the Tyneside strike — which saw Jock Haston and Roy Tearso imprisoned — quickly spread to the Clyde where many shipyards, including Yarrows where 'Bobby' worked, were brought to a halt.&#13;
&#13;
During WWII, the influential shop stewards' committees were dominated by the Communist Party, but their policy of subordinating workers' interests to those of the Soviet Union drew a withering fire from anarchists, Trotskyists and other anti-Stalinist socialists alike, an experience that had a profound effect on Robert, and it was then he began to nurture Bakuninist ideas and the industrial strategy of syndicalism.&#13;
&#13;
In post-war Glasgow Robert's influence in shipbuilding became increasingly irritating to both employers and CP-led union officials, and he was "blacklisted" with the complicity of both. Unable to work he joined the Merchant Navy as an engineering officer and spent some years seeing the world and its peoples, devouring libraries and absorbing the ideas of syndicalism and Stirnerism (Max Stirner's Conscious Egoist).&#13;
&#13;
Returning to Glasgow in the early fifties he threw himself into politics, marriage and trade union activity and was an active member of the Glasgow Anarchist Group, which at the time consisted of Frank Leach, Jimmy Raeside and Eddie Shaw, well-respected names in local and international anarchist circles. As George Woodcock said: The Glasgow Anarchist Group is the only group in the world where the egocentric philosophies of Max Stirner took root and were given popular expression. The anarchists held an open workers forum in Renfrew Street, Glasgow where anarchists, CPGB, nationalists and Trotskyists debated - sometimes physically. In an open air arena ordinary working class men and women discussed, passionately, the ideas of Feurbuch, Clara Zetkin, Bakunin, Kropotkin and many, many others. Robert Lynn revelled in this, what he called the University of Life.&#13;
&#13;
In the late fifties, with the death of Raeside and the departure abroad of of Leach and Shaw, the Glasgow Anarchist Group disintegrated and the task of reorganisation was left to Robert. This he did by immersing himself in his local community of the Calton. He and Jean, his constant companion, became well-known, well-respected and to many — myself included — well-loved characters.&#13;
&#13;
Robert returned to industry and worked at Howden's engineering plant in Glasgow's South Side where he promoted his ideas of syndicalism and libertarianism. Sadly, thanks to trade union officials who immediately recognised the threat to their power, Robert's views did not meet with any great success. However it was the Glasgow Anarchist Group of the sixties and early seventies which proved the most fruitful for Robert's ideas; a massive blossoming of literature and direct action exploded on the scene. The publication of pamphlets such as Practical Anarchy and Why Vote?, all bearing Robert's signature, appeared and were avidly read by many people who, being disillusioned with political parties of all shades, were becoming increasingly attracted to the ideas of anarchism. Robert initiated a great number of events, especially the Glasgow Anarchist Summer School which attracted libertarian socialists from all over Britain.&#13;
&#13;
His death (on August 16 1996) was a shock to his family (Jean and daughters Jean, Joan and Betty), his many friends and comrades, and even to his political opponents. He was generous to a fault and although he did not suffer fools gladly he rarely had a bad word to say about anyone, even the worst of us. Loved deeply, missed sadly. "&#13;
&#13;
Stuart Christie, July 2011</text>
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                <text>"Trawling through my digital shoebox I found this long forgotten photo of my old friend and comrade Robert 'Bobby' Lynn and, on his right, his wife Jean. It was clearly taken in the 'Barras' somewhere shortly before his death in 1996. Robert was immortalised in song by his close friend Matt McGinn, "Bobby Lynn's Shebeen" (an infamous Ross Street venue close to the Saracen's Head pub). Unfortunately I can't remember the name of the blonde lady on the left. This is my obituary for him in the Glasgow Herald:&#13;
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Robert Lynn, anarchist; born Calton, Glasgow, 1924, died August 16, 1996, Glasgow&#13;
&#13;
ROBERT Lynn has snuffed it. In the heart of Glasgow, the Calton - hundreds of people are genuinely mourning the loss of one of its best-loved sons.&#13;
&#13;
Born in the Calton in the East End of Glasgow in 1924, Robert went on to be educated at St Mungo's Academy. Leaving school at 14 years of age he took up an engineering apprenticeship in the shipyards. As a class-conscious teenager he was swept up in the maelstrom of political activity of the war years in the British shipyard and engineering industries.&#13;
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In 1943 the strike on Tyneside, which saw Jock Hasten and Roy Tearso imprisoned, quickly spread to the Clyde where many shipyards were brought to a halt. Robert worked in Yarrows as an apprentice and became actively involved in the struggle for better wages and conditions - a battle that had to be fought and refought in ensuing years.&#13;
&#13;
During the Second World War the influential shop stewards' committees were dominated by the Communist Party, but their policy of subordinating the workers' interests to those of Soviet Russia drew a withering fire from anarchists, Trotskyists and non-Communist Party socialists alike. This experience had a profound effect on Robert and it was then he began to nurture the ideas of Bakunin and the industrial strategy of syndicalism.&#13;
&#13;
In the post-war years Robert's influence in shipbuilding became increasingly irritating to both employers and communist-led union officials, so he was ``blacklisted'' with the approval of both sides. Unable to get work he joined the Merchant Navy as an engineering officer and spent some years seeing the world and its peoples. He devoured libraries and enveloped the beliefs of syndicalism and Stirnerism (Max Stirner's ``conscious egoist'').&#13;
&#13;
Returning to Glasgow in the early fifties he threw himself into everything: politics, marriage and trade-union activity. He became an active member of the Glasgow Anarchist Group which consisted of Frank Leach, Jimmy Raeside and Eddie Shaw, who were already well-respected names in anarchist circles.&#13;
&#13;
As the writer and academic anarchist George Woodcock asserted: ``The Glasgow Anarchist Group is the only group in the world where the egocentric philosophies of Max Stirner took root and were given popular expression.'' The anarchists held open workers' forums in Renfrew Street, Glasgow, where anarchists, Socialist Party of Great Britain (SPGB), nationalists, and Trotskyists regularly debated . . . sometimes physically.&#13;
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Here, in an open-air arena, ordinary working-class men and women discussed passionately the ideas of Feurbach, Clara Zetkin, Bakunin, Kropotkin and many, many others. Robert Lynn revelled in this - what he called the University of Life.&#13;
&#13;
In the late fifties, with the departure of Leach and Shaw abroad, the Glasgow Anarchist Group disintegrated and the reorganisation was left to Robert. This he did by immersing himself in his local community of the Calton where he and Jean, his constant companion, became well-known, well-respected and well-loved characters.&#13;
&#13;
Robert went back to industry, working at Howden's engineering plant in the South Side of Glasgow where he promoted his ideas of syndicalism and libertarianism. Sadly, thanks to trade union officials who quickly recognised the threat to their power, Robert's views did not meet with any great success.&#13;
&#13;
However, it was the Glasgow Anarchist Group of the early seventies which was to prove the most fruitful for Robert's ideas. There came a massive blossoming of literature and direct action which exploded on the scene. The publication of pamphlets such as Practical Anarchy and Why Vote? all bearing Robert's signature, appeared and were read avidly by many people who, disillusioned with political parties of all shades, were drawn to the ideas of anarchism.&#13;
&#13;
A great number of events were initiated by Robert, especially the now traditional Glasgow Anarchist Summer School which attract libertarian socialists from all over Britain.&#13;
&#13;
His death was a blow to his family, his many friends and comrades - and even to his political opponents. He was generous to a fault and although he did not suffer fools gladly he rarely had a bad word to say about anyone - even the worst of us. Robert is survived by Jean and daughters Jean, Joan and Betty"&#13;
&#13;
Stuart Christie, September 2019</text>
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